E. Endnotes and Answer Keys
124
CONSTITUTIONAL DEFENSE
Appendix E:
Endnotes & Answer Key
Endnotes & Answer Key
225
Appendix E: ANSWER KEY
Episode ONE
1 earn
2 first law
3 responsibility
4 roots
5 intellectual ammunition
6 militia
7 we the people
8 first law books
9 American Jurisprudence
10 individual right
11 James Wilson
12 ME
Episode TWO
1 formula
2 frequent recurrence
3 August 2, 1776
4 death warrant
5 Nathan Hale
6 increased devotion
7 Celebrate Freedom Week
8 knowing, perceive, defend, assert
9 quick start guide
10 identify, protect, preserve
11 original intent
12 principle
13 amended
14 original text
15 everyone
16 platform
17 application of the principles
18 separate
19 articles of incorporation
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CONSTITUTIONAL DEFENSE
Episode TWO (continued)
20 by-laws
21 never
22 Richard Henry Lee
23 Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, Roger Sherman and Robert Livingston
24 Delaware, Pennsylvania, South Carolina
25 Caesar Rodney
26 Self-evident Truths
27 Endowed by Our Creator
28 Consent of the Governed
29 The Pursuit of Happiness
30 liberty WITH God
31 liberty withOUT God
32 God to the King to the people
33 God
34 the people
35 government
36 give
37 take
38 basis of liberty
39 Benjamin
40 confusion and discontent
41 private property & free enterprise
42 ourselves
43 giving or refusing
44 wise decisions
45 4
46 2
47 8
48 1
49 Sec 8, Cl 12
50 Art 1, Sec 8, Cl 14
51 3rd Amendment
52 6th & 7th Amendments
Endnotes & Answer Key
227
Episode THREE
1 Hall
2 55
3 39
4 Benjamin Franklin and Benjamin Rush
5 Abraham Lincoln
6 Congress
7 September 25, 1789
8 New York
9 Philadelphia
10 Washington
11 twelve
12 ten
13 one
14 Liberty Bell
15 Graff
16 Thomas Jefferson
17 legislative
18 two
19 judicial
20 individual welfare
21 Original Intent
22 Congress
23 President
24 Courts
25 States; Republic
26 Amendment Process
27 Debts, Supremacy, oath, no religious test
28 Ratification & Attestation
29 Bill of Rights
30 President (EC, dates, 2 terms, DC, incapacitation)
31 Judiciary (suits against states)
32 Congress (Sen elections, terms, pay raises)
33 End slavery & establish civil rights
34 Voting Rights (race, gender, $$$, age)
35 Income Tax
36 To drink or not to drink!
228
CONSTITUTIONAL DEFENSE
Episode THREE (continued)
37 religion; speech; press; assembly; petition
38 right to bear arms
39 quartering of soldiers
40 searches & seizures
41 grand jury; double jeopardy; self-incrimination; due process; private property takings
42 speedy public jury trial; witnesses; attorney
43 civil jury trial & common law
44 excessive fines & bail; cruel & unusual punishment
45 individual rights NOT enumerated
46 federal powers limited/enumerated; rest left to states/people
47 22nd
48 Franklin Delano Roosevelt
49 state
50 state
51 vote for president
52 17th
53 U.S. Senators
54 2nd
55 Greg Watson
56 applies
57 minority
58 participate
59 18th
60 people
61 states
62 House of Representatives
Episode FOUR
1 limited government
2 “How many people live here?”
3 federal government
4 federal government
5 states
6 to itself
7 debts
Endnotes & Answer Key
229
Episode FOUR (continued)
8defense
9welfare
10 theft
11 general
12 local
13 one
14 regular
15 foreign
16 states
17 Indian tribes
18 micro-manage
19 individual enterprise
20 distrust of power
21 levels of government
22 spirit
23 patent, copyright, trademark
24 quality
25 price
26 quality
27 price
28 price or quality
29 price and quality
30 limited jurisdiction
31 government’s role
32 embryonic stem cell
33 declare war
34 1784
35 mercenaries
36 foregoing
Episode FIVE
1 president
2 people
3 states
4 popular vote
5 sufficient vote
230
CONSTITUTIONAL DEFENSE
Episode FIVE (continued)
6 distribution
7 big cities
8 pure democracy
9 three
10 four
11 in TV & movies
12 Ronald Reagan
13 George W. Bush (43)
14 at least once
15 months
16 emergency situation
17 law
18 adjourn
19 Washington
20 Congress
21 passed
22 lack of accountability
23 lifetime appointments
24 Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, & James Madison
25 Legislative
26 closest to the people
27 Judiciary
28 two branches
29 responsibility
30 Congress
31 agenda
32 good behavior
33 try
34 contradicting
35 rudeness
36 high-handedness
37 bridle38 majority
39 equal
40 each branch
41 legislature
Endnotes & Answer Key
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Episode SIX
1 religion; speech; press; assembly; petition
2 nowhere
3 journal
4 One, Five
5 none
6 Thomas Jefferson
7 infringe
8 single national denomination
9 the U.S. Capitol
10 Gouverneur Morris
11 James Wilson
12 quartering of soldiers
13 prescribed by law
14 searches and seizures
15 military
16 regulations
17 compensation
18 speedy public jury trial
19 attorney
20 $20
21 jury nullification
22 bail
23 fines
24 cruel & unusual
25 enumerated
26 other parts
27 Declaration
28 end slavery
29 boundaries
Episode SEVEN
1 Five
2 two-thirds
3 three-fourths (38)
4 two-thirds (34)
5 three-fourths (38)
232
CONSTITUTIONAL DEFENSE
Episode SEVEN (continued)
6 Constitution
7 state law
8 system
9 politicians
10 check out or give up
11 use violence or intimidation
12 state nullification
13 Alien and Sedition
14 proper authority
15 undermines
16 dangerous, anarchy
17 minority
18 majority
19 reverse course
20 courts
21 unconstitutional
22 George Washington
23 Vote
24 chosen
25 20
26 36
27 537
28 leaders
29 principles
30 candidates
31 actions
32 politician
33 patriot
34 Senators
35 state
36 support
37 republic
38 amendment
Endnotes & Answer Key
233
APPENDIX D: ENDNOTES
i Walker, A History of the New Hampshire Convention, p. 51, New Hampshire’s proposals for a Bill of Rights, June 21, 1788; see also Elliot’s Debates, Vol. I, p. 326.
ii Debates . . . of Massachusetts, Held in the Year 1788, p. 86, Samuel Adams, his constitutional amendment proposed during the Massachusetts ratification debates on February 6, 1788.
iii John Adams, “On Private Revenge,” Boston Gazette, September 5, 1763.
iv “Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas’ Wriston Lecture to the Manhattan Institute,” The Wall Street Journal, 20 October 2008, p. A19
v Abraham Lincoln, Draft of the Gettysburg Address: Nicolay Copy, November 1863; Series 3, General Correspondence, 1837-1897; The Abraham Lincoln Papers at the Library of Congress, Manuscript Division (Washington, D. C.: American Memory Project, [2000-02])
vi John Jay, The Correspondence and Public Papers of John, Jay, Henry P. Johnston, editor (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1890), Vol. I, pp. 163–164, from his “Charge to the Grand Jury of Ulster County” on September 9, 1777.
vii Thomas Jefferson, Memoir, Correspondence, and Miscellanies, From the Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Jefferson Randolph, editor (Boston: Gray and Bowen, 1830), Vol. IV, p. 373, to Judge William Johnson on June 12, 1823.
viii Joseph Story, Commentaries on the Constitution of the United States (Boston: Hilliard, Gray, and Company, 1833), Vol. I, p. 383, § 400.
ix John Quincy Adams, The Jubilee of the Constitution (New York: Samuel Colman, 1839), p. 54.
x Samuel Adams, The Writing of Samuel Adams, at 357 of Volume IV (Collected & edited by Harry Alonzo Cushing, G.P. Putnam’s Sons 1908).
xi Gulf, c. & s. F. R. Co. V. Ellis, 165 U.S. 150 (1897)
xii Lossing, B. J. (1870). Lives of the signers of the Declaration of American independence. The declaration historically considered (252). Philadelphia: Evans, Stoddart & co.
xiii Ibid., p. 254
xiv The Declaration of Independence, para. 2 (U.S. 1776).
234
CONSTITUTIONAL DEFENSE
xv George Washington, Address of George Washington, President of the United States … Preparatory to His Declination 22–23 (Baltimore: George and Henry S. Keatinge, 1796).xv
xvi Thomas Jefferson, Notes on the State of Virginia (Philadelphia: Matthew Carey, 1794), Query XVIII, p. 237.xvi
xvii James Madison, Notes of Debates in the Federal Convention of 1787, at 209-10 (reprinted NY: W.W. Norton & Co., 1987) (1787).
xviii Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, & James Madison, The Federalist (Philadelphia: Benjamin Warner, 1818), p. 194, James Madison, Federalist #38; see also Federalist #2 (p. 12) and Federalist #20 (p. 105) for other acknowledgments of the blessings of Providence upon America.
xix Hamilton, Alexander. 1787. Christine F. Hart, One Nation Under God (NJ: American Tract Society, reprinted by Gospel Tract Society, Inc.), p. 2. D.P. Diffine, Ph.D., One Nation Under God How Close a Separation? (Searcy, Arkansas: Harding University, Belden Center for Private Enterprise Education, 6th edition, 1992), p. 9.
xx Letters To The Marquis De Lafayette, February 7 & May28, 1788.
xxi Thomas Jefferson, The Jeffersonian Cyclopedia (Funk & Wagnalls company, 1900), page 326
xxii Bradford’s History of Plymouth Plantation, 1606-1646. Ed. William T. Davis. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1908
xxiii Ibid xxiv John M. Taylor, Garfield of Ohio: The Available Man (New York: W. W. Norton and Company, Inc.), p. 180. Quoted from “A Century of Progress,” by James A. Garfield, published in Atlantic, July 1877.xxiv
xxv Madison’s Notes to the Debates in the Federal Convention of 1787, 14 August 1787. John Francis Mercer was a Maryland Delegate to the Convention.
xxvi James Madison letter to Andrew Stevenson; 27 Nov. 1830
xxvii John Adams, Works, Vol. VI, p. 484, to John Taylor on April 15, 1814.
xxviii Benjamin Rush, The Letters of Benjamin Rush, L. H. Butterfield, editor (Princeton: Princeton University Press for the American Philosophical Society, 1951), Vol. I, p. 523, to John Adams on July 21, 1789. xxix Ex Parte Mccardle, 74 U.S. 506 (Wall.) (1868) xxx Jefferson, Memoir, Vol. IV, p. 27, to Abigail Adams on September 11, 1804.
xxxi Thomas Jefferson, Memoir, Correspondence, and Miscellanies, From the Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Jefferson Randolph, editor (Boston: Gray
Endnotes & Answer Key
235
and Bowen, 1830), Vol. IV, p. 317, to Judge Spencer Roane on September 6, 1819.
xxxii Debates and Proceedings, Vol. I, p. 568, James Madison on June 18, 1789.
xxxiii U.S. Const. Amend. I.
xxxiv U.S. Const. Art. I, § 5, cl. 3.
xxxv William Parker Cutler and Julia Perkins Cutler, Life, Journal, and Correspondence of Rev. Manasseh Cutler (Cincinnati: Colin Robert Clarke & Co., 1888), Vol. II, p. 66, 119, letter to Joseph Torrey, January 4, 1802. Cutler meant that Jefferson attended church on January 3, 1802, for the first time as President. Bishop Claggett’s letter of February 18, 1801, already revealed that as Vice-President, Jefferson went to church services in the House.
xxxvi Jared Sparks, The Life of Governeur Morris (Boston: Gray and Bowen, 1832), Vol. III, p. 483, from his “Notes on the Form of a Constitution for France.”
xxxvii James Wilson, The Works of the Honourable James Wilson, Bird Wilson, editor (Philadelphia: Bronson and Chauncey, 1804), Vol. I, pp. 104–106, “Of the General Principles of Law and Obligation.” xxxviii Washington’s farewell address.. New York, New York Public Library, 1935. pg. 105; 136. Courtesy of the Milstein Division of United States History, Local History & Genealogy, The New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations
xxxix Noah Webster, The History of the United States (New Haven: Durrie and Peck, 1832), pp. 336–337, ¶49.
xl Matthias Burnett, An Election Sermon, Preached at Hartford, on the Day of the Anniversary Election, May 12, 1803, at 26-27 (Hartford: Hudson & Goodwin, 1803).