E. Endnotes & Answer Key

Appendix E: ANSWER KEY

ⁱ “Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas’ Wriston Lecture to the Manhattan Institute,” The Wall Street Journal, 20 October 2008, p. A19
ⁱⁱ Abraham Lincoln, Draft of the Gettysburg Address: Nicolay Copy, November 1863; Series 3, General Correspondence, 1837-1897; The Abraham Lincoln Papers at the Library of Congress, Manuscript Division (Washington, D. C.: American Memory Project, [2000-02])
ⁱⁱⁱ John Jay, The Correspondence and Public Papers of John, Jay, Henry P. Johnston, editor (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1890), Vol. I, pp. 163–164, from his “Charge to the Grand Jury of Ulster County” on September 9, 1777.
^iv Thomas Jefferson, Memoir, Correspondence, and Miscellanies, From the Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Jefferson Randolph, editor (Boston: Gray and Bowen, 1830), Vol. IV, p. 373, to Judge William Johnson on June 12, 1823.
^vJoseph Story, Commentaries on the Constitution of the United States (Boston: Hilliard, Gray, and Company, 1833), Vol. I, p. 383, § 400.
^vi John Quincy Adams, The Jubilee of the Constitution (New York: Samuel Colman, 1839), p. 54.
^vii Samuel Adams, The Writing of Samuel Adams, at 357 of Volume IV (Collected & edited by Harry Alonzo Cushing, G.P. Putnam’s Sons 1908).
^viii Gulf, c. & s. F. R. Co. V. Ellis, 165 U.S. 150 (1897)
^ix Lossing, B. J. (1870). Lives of the signers of the Declaration of American independence. The declaration historically considered (252). Philadelphia: Evans, Stoddart & co.
^xIbid., p. 254
^xiThe Declaration of Independence, para. 2 (U.S. 1776).
^xiiGeorge Washington, Address of George Washington, President of the United States … Preparatory to His Declination 22–23 (Baltimore: George and Henry S. Keatinge, 1796).^1
xiii Thomas Jefferson, Notes on the State of Virginia (Philadelphia: Matthew Carey, 1794), Query XVIII, p. 237. ^13
xiv James Madison, Notes of Debates in the Federal Convention of 1787, at 209-10 (reprinted NY: W.W. Norton & Co., 1987) (1787).
^xv Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, & James Madison, The Federalist (Philadelphia: Benjamin Warner, 1818), p. 194, James Madison, Federalist #38; see also Federalist #2 (p. 12) and Federalist #20 (p. 105) for other acknowledgments of the blessings of Providence upon America.
^xvi Hamilton, Alexander. 1787. Christine F. Hart, One Nation Under God (NJ: American Tract Society, reprinted by Gospel Tract Society, Inc.), p. 2. D.P. Diffine, Ph.D., One Nation Under God—How Close a Separation? (Searcy, Arkansas: Harding University, Belden Center for Private Enterprise Education, 6th edition, 1992), p. 9.

^xvii Letters To The Marquis De Lafayette, February 7 & May28, 1788.
^xviii Donald S. Lutz, The Origins of American Constitutionalism (Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 1988), p. 143.
^xx Bradford’s History of Plymouth Plantation, 1606-1646. Ed. William T. Davis. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1908
^xxi John M. Taylor, Garfield of Ohio: The Available Man (New York: W. W. Norton and Company, Inc.), p. 180. Quoted from “A Century of Progress,” by James A. Garfield, published in Atlantic, July 1877. ^21
xxii Madison’s Notes to the Debates in the Federal Convention of 1787, 14 August 1787. John Francis Mercer was a Maryland Delegate to the Convention.
^xxiii James Madison letter to Andrew Stevenson; 27 Nov. 1830
^xxiv John Adams, Works, Vol. VI, p. 484, to John Taylor on April 15, 1814.
^xxv Benjamin Rush, The Letters of Benjamin Rush, L. H. Butterfield, editor (Princeton: Princeton University Press for the American Philosophical Society, 1951), Vol. I, p. 523, to John Adams on July 21, 1789.
^xxvi Ex Parte Mccardle, 74 U.S. 506 (Wall.) (1868)
^xxvii Jefferson, Memoir, Vol. IV, p. 27, to Abigail Adams on September 11, 1804.
^xxviii Thomas Jefferson, Memoir, Correspondence, and Miscellanies, From the Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Jefferson Randolph, editor (Boston: Gray and Bowen, 1830), Vol. IV, p. 317, to Judge Spencer Roane on September 6, 1819.
^xxix Debates and Proceedings, Vol. I, p. 568, James Madison on June 18, 1789.
^xxx U.S. Const. Amend. I.
^xxxi U.S. Const. Art. I, § 5, cl. 3.
^xxxii William Parker Cutler and Julia Perkins Cutler, Life, Journal, and Correspondence of Rev. Manasseh Cutler (Cincinnati: Colin Robert Clarke & Co., 1888), Vol. II, p. 66, 119, letter to Joseph Torrey, January 4, 1802. Cutler meant that Jefferson attended church on January 3, 1802, for the first time as President. Bishop Claggett’s letter of February 18, 1801, already revealed that as Vice-President, Jefferson went to church services in the House.
^xxxiii Jared Sparks, The Life of Governeur Morris (Boston: Gray and Bowen, 1832), Vol. III, p. 483, from his “Notes on the Form of a Constitution for France.”
^xxxiv Constitutions (1813), p. 364, “An Ordinance of the Territory of the United States Northwest of the River Ohio,” Article III.
^xxxv James Wilson, The Works of the Honourable James Wilson, Bird Wilson, editor (Philadelphia: Bronson and Chauncey, 1804), Vol. I, pp. 104–106, “Of the General Principles of Law and Obligation.”>

^xxxvi John Adams, “On Private Revenge,” Boston Gazette, September 5, 1763.
^xxxvii Washington’s farewell address.. New York, New York Public Library, 1935. pg. 105; 136. Courtesy of the Milstein Division of United States History, Local History & Genealogy, The New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations
^xxxviii Noah Webster, The History of the United States (New Haven: Durrie and Peck, 1832), pp. 336–337, ¶49.
^xxxix Matthias Burnett, An Election Sermon, Preached at Hartford, on the Day of the Anniversary Election, May 12, 1803, at 26-27 (Hartford: Hudson & Goodwin, 1803).
^xl Engel v. Vitale; 370 U.S. 421, 422 (1962).
^xli U.S. Const. Amend. I.
^xliiU.S. Const. Art. I, § 5, cl. 3.
^xliii Compiled By Friends, Works of Fisher Ames 134 (Boston: T. B. Wait & Co., 1809).
^xliv Letter to the Danbury Baptist Association (January 1, 1802), in Thomas Jefferson, Jefferson Writings 510 (Merril D. Peterson et al. eds., 1984) (1781).
^xlv Everson v. Board of Education, 330 U.S. 1 (1947).
^xlvi Thomas Jefferson, Letter to the Danbury Baptist Association, in Thomas Jefferson, Jefferson Writings 510 (Merrill D. Peterson et al. eds., 1984) (1802): Believing with you that religion is a matter which lies solely between man and his God, that he owes account to none other for faith or his worship, that the legislative powers of government reach actions only, and not opinions, I contemplate with solemn reverence that act of the whole American people which declared that their legislature should “make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof,” thus building a wall of separation between Church and State.
^xlvii Engle v. Vitale, 370 U.S. 421 (1962).
^xlviii Letter to Dr. Joseph Priestly (Washington ed., 441).
http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/etcbin/foley-page?id=JCE1686>.
^il Id.
^l William Parker Cutler and Julia Perkins Cutler, Life, Journal, and Correspondence of Rev. Manasseh Cutler (Cincinnati: Colin Robert Clarke & Co., 1888), Vol. II, p. 66, 119, letter to Joseph Torrey, January 4, 1802. Cutler meant that Jefferson attended church on January 3, 1802, for the first time as President. Bishop Claggett’s letter of February 18, 1801, already revealed that as Vice-President, Jefferson went to church services in the House.

ANSWER KEY

Section One
¹ formula
² frequent recurrence
³ defend
⁴ assert
⁵ principles
⁶ moral and religious
⁷ God
⁸ country
⁹ families
¹⁰ great enemy
¹¹ August 2, 1776
¹² death warrant
¹³ Nathan Hale
¹⁴ earn
¹⁵ increased devotion
¹⁶ YOU (write YOUR name in this blank!)
¹⁷ Celebrate Freedom Week
¹⁸ knowing, perceive, defend, assert
¹⁹ quick start guide
²⁰ identify, protect, preserve
²¹ original intent
²² amended
²³ original text
²⁴ original intent
²⁵ principle
²⁶ everyone
²⁷ platform
²⁸ smart

Section Two
¹ application of the principles
² separate
³ Constitutional Acts
⁴ Enabling Acts
⁵ Organic Laws
⁶ Grievance Corollaries
⁷ articles of incorporation
⁸ by-laws
⁹ never
¹⁰ Richard Henry Lee
¹¹ Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, Roger Sherman and Robert Livingston
¹² Delaware, Pennsylvania, South Carolina
¹³ Caesar Rodney
¹⁴ Self-evident Truths
¹⁵ Endowed by Our Creator
¹⁶ Consent of the Governed
¹⁷ The Pursuit of Happiness
¹⁸ liberty WITH God
¹⁹ liberty withOUT God
²⁰ God to the King to the people
²¹ God
²² the people
²³ government
²⁴ give
²⁵ take
²⁶ basis of liberty
²⁷ Benjamin
²⁸ Locke
²⁹ Blackstone
³⁰ Montesquieu
³¹ The Bible

Section Two (cont.)
³² John Wise
³³ confusion and discontent
³⁴ private property & free enterprise
³⁵ ourselves
³⁶ giving or refusing
³⁷ wise decisions
³⁸ Creator
³⁹ limited government
⁴⁰ government
⁴¹ Inalienable rights
⁴² rights
⁴³ authority
⁴⁴ protect
⁴⁵ provide
⁴⁶ prosperous
⁴⁷ fixed moral
⁴⁸ anarchy
⁴⁹ consent
⁵⁰ rights
⁵¹ moral law
⁵² change their government
⁵³ from the people
⁵⁴ copied
⁵⁵ 1,500
⁵⁶ preached
⁵⁷ pulpit
⁵⁸ legally binding
⁵⁹ 4
⁶⁰ 2
⁶¹ 8
⁶² 1
⁶³ Sec 8, Cl 12
⁶⁴ Art 1, Sec 8, Cl 14
⁶⁵ 3rd Amendment
⁶⁶ 6th & 7th Amendments

Section Three
¹ big picture
² legislative
³ two
⁴ judicial
⁵ individual welfare
⁶ God
⁷ Congress
⁸ President
⁹ Courts
¹⁰ States; Republic
¹¹ Amendment Process
¹² Debts, Supremacy, oath, no religious test
¹³ Ratification & Attestation
¹⁴ Bill of Rights
¹⁵ President (EC, dates, 2 terms, DC, incapacitation)
¹⁶ Judiciary (suits against states)
¹⁷ Congress (Sen elections, terms, pay raises)
¹⁸ End slavery & establish civil rights
¹⁹ Voting Rights (race, gender, $$$, age)
²⁰ Income Tax
²¹ To drink or not to drink!
²² religion; speech; press; assembly; petition
²³ right to bear arms
²⁴ quartering of soldiers
²⁵ searches & seizures
²⁶ grand jury; double jeopardy; self-incrimination; due process; private property takings
²⁷ speedy public jury trial; witnesses; attorney

Section Three (cont.)
²⁸ civil jury trial & common law
²⁹ excessive fines & bail; cruel & unusual punishment
³⁰ individual rights NOT enumerated
³¹ federal powers limited/enumerated; rest left to states/people
³² 22nd
³³ Franklin Delano Roosevelt
³⁴ state
³⁵ state
³⁶ vote for president
³⁷ 17th
³⁸ U.S. Senators
³⁹ 2nd
⁴⁰ Greg Watson
⁴¹ applies
⁴² minority
⁴³ participate
⁴⁴ 18th
⁴⁵ groups
⁴⁶ individuals
⁴⁷ rights
⁴⁸ people
⁴⁹ states
⁵⁰ House of Representatives
⁵¹ home
⁵² foreign
⁵³ four
⁵⁴ 23
⁵⁵ can do
⁵⁶ cannot do

Section Four
¹ limited government
² moral law
³ jurisdictional
⁴ promote and support
⁵ big to fail
⁶ “How many people live here?”
⁷ federal government
⁸ federal government
⁹ states
¹⁰ to itself
¹¹ debts
¹² defense
¹³ welfare
¹⁴ theft
¹⁵ general
¹⁶ local
¹⁷ one
¹⁸ regular
¹⁹ foreign
²⁰ states
²¹ Indian tribes
²² micro-manage
²³ individual enterprise
²⁴ distrust of power
²⁵ levels of government
²⁶ spirit

Section Five
¹ patent, copyright, trademark
² price
³ quality
⁴ quality
⁵ price
⁶ price or quality
⁷ price and quality
⁸ limited jurisdiction
⁹ government’s role
¹⁰ embryonic stem cell
¹¹ declare war
¹² 1784
¹³ mercenaries
¹⁴ foregoing
¹⁵ oppress the people
¹⁶ civilian
¹⁷ Washington
¹⁸ two years
¹⁹ ample reward
²⁰ 3%-6%
²¹ bottom up

Section Six
¹ Noah Webster
² education
³ government
⁴ election day sermon
⁵ faithfully executed
⁶ laws
⁷ men
⁸ themselves aside
⁹ president

Section Six (cont.)
¹⁰ people
¹¹ states
¹² popular vote
¹³ sufficient vote
¹⁴ distribution
¹⁵ big cities
¹⁶ pure democracy
¹⁷ three
¹⁸ four
¹⁹ in the movies
²⁰ Ronald Reagan
²¹ George W. Bush (43)
²² at least once
²³ months
²⁴ emergency situation
²⁵ law
²⁶ adjourn
²⁷ Washington
²⁸ Congress
²⁹ passed
³⁰ afraid of God
³¹ rewards and punishments
³² religious
³³ Supreme Court
³⁴ secular
³⁵ die
³⁶ able men who fear God
³⁷ check and balance
³⁸ Sherman
³⁹ Washington
⁴⁰ Pinckney
⁴¹ Madison

Section Seven
¹ evolution
² all law
³ 4
⁴ lifetime
⁵ as it existed
⁶ as they want it to be
⁷ taken control
⁸ lack of accountability
⁹ lifetime appointments
¹⁰ Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, & James Madison
¹¹ Legislative
¹² closest to the people
¹³ Judiciary
¹⁴ two branches
¹⁵ responsibility
¹⁶ Congress
¹⁷agenda
¹⁸ good behavior
¹⁹ try
²⁰ contradicting
²¹ rudeness
²² high-handedness
²³ bridle
²⁴ majority
²⁵ equal
²⁶ each branch
²⁷ legislature
²⁸ court
²⁹ impeachment
³⁰ Noah Webster
³¹ scarecrow
³² hearings
³³ impeached

Section Eight
¹ inalienable rights
² take away
³ protect inalienable rights
⁴ one step
⁵ religion; speech; press; assembly; petition
⁶ nowhere
⁷ journal
⁸ One, Five
⁹ none
¹⁰ Thomas Jefferson
¹¹ infringe
¹² single national denomination
¹³ the U.S. Capitol
¹⁴ kneeling in prayer
¹⁵ “Forbid it, Almighty God!”
¹⁶ Abraham Baldwin
¹⁷ chaplain
¹⁸ American Bible Society
¹⁹ William Samuel Johnson
²⁰ Maryland Bible Society
²¹ Gouverneur Morris
²² religion, morality
²³ James Wilson
²⁴ inalienable right
²⁵ John Quincy Adams
²⁶ religious conscience
²⁷ believe
²⁸ conscience
²⁹ worship
³⁰ religion
³¹ property
³² 1640

Section Nine
¹ Blackstone’s Commentaries on the Law
² revealed Himself
³ Scriptures
⁴ violating
⁵ protect
⁶ militia
⁷ we the people
⁸ quartering of soldiers
⁹ prescribed by law
¹⁰ searches and seizures
¹¹ military
¹² regulations
¹³ compensation
¹⁴ speedy public jury trial
¹⁵ attorney
¹⁶ $20
¹⁷ jury nullification
¹⁸ bail
¹⁹ fines
²⁰ cruel & unusual
²¹ religion and morality
²² enumerated
²³ other parts
²⁴ Declaration
²⁵ end slavery
²⁶ boundaries
²⁷ first law
²⁸ first law books
²⁹ American jurisprudence
³⁰ individual rights
³¹ James Wilson
³² persons, houses, papers, and effects
³³ writs of assistance
³⁴ public use
³⁵ public purpose

Section Ten
¹ amend
² passion
³ reason
⁴ the people
⁵ Five
⁶ two-thirds
⁷ three-fourths (38)
⁸ two-thirds (34)
⁹ three-fourths (38)
¹⁰ Constitution
¹¹ state law
¹² purpose
¹³ life
¹⁴ system
¹⁵ politicians
¹⁶ 13
¹⁷ endanger
¹⁸ push back
¹⁹ this Constitution
²⁰ recall
²¹ Woodrow Wilson

Section Eleven
¹ September 17th
² 90%
³ ambassador
⁴ incrementalism
⁵ check out or give up
⁶ use violence or intimidation
⁷ state nullification
⁸Alien and Sedition
⁹ proper authority
¹⁰ undermines
¹¹ dangerous, anarchy
¹² minority
¹³ majority
¹⁴ reverse course
¹⁵ courts
¹⁶ unconstitutional
¹⁷ George Washington
¹⁸ Vote
¹⁹ chosen
²⁰ 20
²¹ 36
²² 537
²³ leaders
²⁴ principles
²⁵ candidates
²⁶ actions
²⁷ politician
²⁸ patriot
²⁹ Senators
³⁰ state
³¹ support
³² republic

³³ amendment
³⁴ live
³⁵ did his part
³⁶ read, study, teach, know, defend, assert
³⁷ history